For these reasons the anion is bigger than the parent atom. (ii) It cannot explain the formation of molecules such as PF5, SF6 etc., in which central atom has more than eight electrons in its valence shell. Question 1: Why atoms combine with one another ? (iii) Electrovalent compounds have high density with high melting and boiling points. H+ ion has one vacant ls-orbital. In such a configuration, none of the participating atoms is more electrically charged. A molecule is formed if it is more stable and has lower energy than the individual atoms. Answer: An atom of hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus and one electron in its valence shell. New Simplified Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions – Chemical Bonding QUESTIONS 2006 Question 1. Question 7: In the formation of compound XY2, atorix X gives one electron to each Y atom. Chemical bonding and molecular structure grade 11 1. As the number of electrons in the outer shell is increased, the repulsion between them increases. Answer: (i) Hydrogen chloride is a gas at room temperature and in dry state it is a bad conductor of electricity. This is similar to the formation of ionic bond. Because to form an ionic compound if one element gives electrons, the other element should accept electrons. Tendency of atoms to attain stable configuration of eight electrons in their valence shell is cause of chemical combination. 1Å = 10-10m and 1pm = 10-12 m. It is determined with the help of X-rays diffraction and other spectroscopic methods. Answer: A molecule of HCl is a polar covalent, i.e., the electron pair shared between hydrogen and chlorine is far away from hydrogen than chlorine, with the result that hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge on it and the atom of chlorine has slight negative charge on it as, When hydrogen chloride is added to water, then water molecules bombard it from all directions. Free PDF download of Important Questions for CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure prepared by expert Chemistry teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books. Atoms of different elements take part in chemical combination in order to complete … Answer: The cause of chemical combination between atoms of the various elements is their tendency to acquire nearest stable noble gas configuration of octet of electrons and duplet of electrons in case of hydrogen atoms in their outermost shells. One end of the bond … Answer: (i) Y will form an anion (ii) Z forms a cation (iii) X has four electrons in its valence shell. The residual chlorine atom takes away the electron of hydrogen atom along with it so as to form chloride ion as illustrated below: Question 4: How does common salt solution ionises in water which is a polar covalent compound ? Question 4: What are the salient features of electrovalency ? (iii) Solid state. This student-centered station lab is set up so students can begin to explore chemical bonding. Question 15: Which conditions are necessary for the formation of co-ordinate bond? Copyright © 2020 Entrancei. Hence, they are generally liquids or gases. Answer: Water is polar molecule.%It hydrates ions by its polar attraction and pulls the ions apart. When the molecules of water bombard the sodium ion, such that the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom face sodium ion, then they exert an electrostatic pull on it. Question 7: An anion carries negative charge. So, it is smaller than the atom. Thus, a co-ordinate bond is equivalent to a combination of an electrovalent bond and a covalent bond. Hence, it is a covalent compound. How many electrons in the outer shell of a nitrogen atom are not involved in the formation of a nitrogen molecule ? (ii) Explain why Carbon tetrachloride does not dissolve in water. Question 9: Why electrovalent compounds have high melting, boiling points and low volatility ? Compound formed due to this bond is called covalent compound. During the formation of H3O+, one pair of lone pair from O-atom is donated to the vacant ls-orbital of H+ ion and O — H co-ordinate bond is formed. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OCTET RULE-During a chemical reaction the atoms tend to adjust their electronic arrangement in such a way that they achieve 8 e-in their outermost electron. Negative ions —> Anions (Cl–, O2-, N3-, etc.) Answer: Electrovalent crystalline solids do not conduct electricity because the oppositely charged ions in them are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction. This charge is known as formal charge. For example: A fluorine atom has seven valence electrons. Question 16: Why all covalent compounds are bad conductor of electricity ? The water molecule has two O—H covalent bonds and central oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons. Each of the stations is differentiated to challenge students using a different learning style. Metals with lower ionisation energy values have a greater tendency to form ionic bonds. Answer: Question 9: (i) Give one property of hydrogen chloride which agrees with it being a covalent compound. Answer: Lone pair of electrons is the unshared pair of electrons left on the atom in a covalent molecule Question 2. two atoms are A and B—in the first step the donor atom A transfers one electron of its lone pair to the acceptor atom B. Question 19: Why do covalent compounds exist as gases, liquids or soft solids ? Question 17: What is lone pair effect ? Thus their melting and boiling points are higher than covalent compounds and lower than ionic compounds. Bond forms to get the stability. Free download of step by step solutions for class 10 Science chapter 2 - Chemical Bonding of ICSE Board (Concise - Selina Publishers). Chemical bonding: Atoms, molecule or ions or different elements except the noble, do not have complete or stable octet so they combine with another element to complete its octet, this process of completing its octet by combining with other element is known as chemical bonding. Question 6: (i) Name the charged particles which attract one another to form electrovalent compounds. Question 8: By drawing an electron dot diagram, show the lone pair effect leading to the formation of ammonium ion from ammonia gas and hydrogen ion. State the following : (i) the outer electronic configuration of Y. Question 18: (i) Which of the following is not a common characteristic of an electrovalent compound ? Electro-negativity of carbon = 2.5 . Question 4: Why a molecule of hydrogen is more stable than the uncombined atoms ? Question 6: A cation is smaller than the atom from which it is formed. 2) Covalent Bond: The chemical bond formed between two combining atoms by mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons. Question 15: Why covalent compounds are generally liquids or gases ? The three dimensional structure of methane molecule has the carbon atom at the centre of the tetrahedron and four hydrogen atoms are located at the corners of the tetrahedron. Answer: When an atom forms an anion, it gets one or more electrons (from another atom) in its outer shell. Thus in this molecule N-atom is left with a lone pair of electrons after completing its. Question 1: The combination of atoms to form molecules is based on octel rule. Question 17: Why covalent compounds have low melting point and boiling point ? (ii) Electrovalent compounds form hard crystals. Answer: When the sodium chloride crystals come in contact with water, they are bombarded by water molecules from all possible directions. (iii) Except for graphite, covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity. with a release of energy. Give two limiations of this rule. Give four properties of XY2. Chemical Bonding Class 11 Notes In class 11 students will come across the topic of chemical bonding in chapter 4 of the chemistry textbook. The arrow represents a co-ordinate bond. Thus, the ionic compounds do not dissolve in them. Question 5: Draw dot diagrams to illustrate the structure of the molecules of: (i) Ammonia (ii) Carbon dioxide (iii) Methane (iv) Water Answer: Question 6: Give the electron dot structures of: (i) NaCl (ii) MgCl2 (iii) CaO (iv) Cl2 (v) H2O (iv) NH3 Answer: Question 7: Draw an electron dot diagram to show the structure of hydronium ion. Octet Rule. The formation of a covalent bond allows the nonmetals to obey the octet rule and thus become more stable. all rights reserved. Practice for next class: Bond Polarity One atom pulls the electrons in the bond closer to its side. Answer: Covalent compounds exists as gases, liquids or soft solids because they have weak forces of attraction between their molecules. The ions drift in water in all possible directions and hence, ionic compounds dissolve in water, while organic solvents are non-polar in nature and hence, cannot break the ionic bonds. In what kind of compound does this effect occur ? Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding Ch 10 Page 1 . Thus, when electric potential is supplied, no ions migrate to opposite poles and hence no conduction of electric current takes place. After the formation O→ H+ co-ordinate bond becomes identical to the two O—H covalent bonds. Answer: A co-ordinate bond is a union of one electrovalent and one covalent bond, the volatility of these compounds lies between that of covalent and ionic compounds. Introduction to chemical bonding Chemical Bonding of Class 10. Four of the stations are considered input stations where students are learning new information about chemical bonding, and four of the stations are output stations where students will be demonstrating their mastery of the input stations. You can download the Class 10 Chemistry ICSE Textbook Solutions with Free PDF download option. Answer: Pure covalent bond exists between two elements which have similar electronegativities. It is on account of this fact, that hydrogen ion is called proton. Justify your answer. This is called octet rule. Chemical bonds are the forces that cause atoms and molecules to attract, and the strongest of these bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Answer: Molten NaCl contains Na+ and Cl– ions, which are free to move, hence it conducts electricity. (iii) The electronic configuration of nitrogen is 2, 5. In other words the number of molecules per unit volume is less. Answer: The covalent compounds do not have positive or negative ions in their fused state. Chemical Bonding ICSE Class-10 Concise Chemistry Selina Solutions Chapter-2. Answer: Sodium ion has eight electrons in its valency shell and it is the minimum state of energy, while the sodium metal has one electron in valency shell, so the sodium metal is very reactive. Answer: The general characteristics of electrovalent compounds are: (i) Electrovalent compounds are mostly crystalline in nature. (vi) They react very fast. Answer: NH3 has one lone pair of electrons which is donates to hydrogen atom forming a co-ordinate bond. (i) Classify the elements as metals and non-metals. Question 10: A compound has the formula H2Y (Y = Non-metal). State the type of bonding present in it. Question 8: Why electrovalent compounds form hard crystals ? Download Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10. Marks and answers are given immediately. Answer: When a molecule of hydrogen is formed from the atoms, energy is released (104 kcal/ mol). (ii) For each compound, give the formulae of the ions formed in aqueous solutions. Choose […] Answer: There is a strong force of attraction among the oppositely charged ions in the crystals of electrovalent compounds. Thus, the cation has one electron shell less than the atom, from which it is formed. The molecules are made of two or more atoms joined together by some force acting between them. Whereas Liquid CCl4 does not contain any charged particles to conduct electricity. Here we have covered Important Questions on Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure for Class 11 Chemistry subject.. Chemistry Important Questions Class 11 are given below. Lewis symbols : The electrons present in the outermost energy level of an atoms and known as valence electrons. 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Thus, hydrogen chloride can be termed as a polar covalent compound. Most of the substances found in nature are in the form of clusters or aggregates of atoms. A-1, Acharya Nikatan, Mayur Vihar, Phase-1, Central Market, New Delhi-110091. The acceptor atom must have an empty orbital to accept the lone pair of electrons. (iv) It does not conduct electric current in the solid state but conducts electric current in the molten or dissolved state. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Chemistry: Chemical Bonding webquest print page. Explore the causes, effects, and solutions to ozone layer depletion only at BYJU'S. Question 3: On what factors the formation of an electrovalent compound depends ? The four carbon hydrogen tetrahedral structure. The following section consists of Chemistry Multiple Choice questions on Chemical Bonding For competitions and exams. Positive ions —> Cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.) Why ? 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