0 The selectivity of the method was confirmed by analyzing three different samples of each target plant which have not been treated with OPPs (wild species). The thermal stability of SWCNT fibre was studied, and it was found that the extraction efficiency of SWCNT fibre is not significantly affected after the fibre was conditioned for 1 h at 250, 300, and 350°C. Mulla, M. S., and L. S. Mian: Biological and environmental impacts of the insecticides malathion and parathion on nontarget biota in aquatic ecosystems. The fibres were conditioned at 20°C higher than the desorption temperatures. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. -, Breast Cancer Res Treat. Fibre reproducibility was evaluated with QC samples (75 ng g−1) through headspace extraction. According to the results, the peak areas of the analytes increased with increasing the desorption temperature. Parathion binds tightly to soil particles and has little or no potential for groundwater contamination. The developed SWCNT fibre was unbreakable since stainless steel wire was used as the core. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Extraction time has a significant effect on extraction yield. Parathion is converted to paraoxon by mixed function oxidases. The dwell time of each ion was set at 100 ms. The results indicated that the extraction efficiency of SWCNT fibre has no obvious decline after being used for 250 times. 2012, Article ID 627607, 8 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/627607, 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran, 2Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran, 3Physiology & Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran, 4Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran. 2004 Feb 27;67(4):331-56. doi: 10.1080/15287390490273569. -, Prog Exp Tumor Res. 5 These five compounds were parathion, azinphosmethyl, diazinon, malathion and para-thion-methyl. Learn more about the types, modes of penetration, uses, and environmental impacts of insecticides. 1993 Apr 21;85(8):648-52 The effect of temperature on the extraction efficiency was studied from 30 to 90°C. Insecticide, any toxic substance that is used to kill insects. The effect of extraction time was investigated in the range 10–50 min (Figure 2). 3 The HS-SPME parameters were determined by experiments in which all the parameters were kept constant except one, and the remaining one was modified to find optimum conditions. The main difference between the susceptible and resistant strains was the superior ability of the latter to degrade malathion to malathion monocarboxylic acid (O, O-dimethyl S-(l-carboxy-2-ethoxy-carbonyl)ethyl or S-(2-carboxy-1 ) and was determined by spiking serially diluted analyte standards into blank samples. Both work on cabbage worms. Medicinal plants are widely consumed for pharmaceutical preparations and as a supplement for dietetic products and especially for “self-medication” in the general population, and they are also commonly used in health care products, food additives, or supplementary foods. Malathion Vs. Pyrethrum. Experiments with different desorption times from 0.5 to 6 min were carried out, and the results showed that desorption was completed in 4 min. Most authors agree on the positive effect of salt addition to the sample for improving the extraction efficiency [20, 22]. For Salting-out effect has been well established in the previous works through adding different salts (mostly NaCl and Na2SO4) to the samples. Organophosphorous pesticides have been used extensively to control mosquito plagues. The estimated recoveries at three different concentration levels are also shown in Table 3. Estimated recoveries, accuracies, and precisions for determination of the analytes at different concentrations (, Levels of malathion, diazinon, parathion, and pirimiphos methyl in studied medicinal plant samples (ng g, Simultaneous Determination of Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon, and Pirimiphos Methyl in Dried Medicinal Plants Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Fibre Coated with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran, Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran, Physiology & Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran, Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran, CV(%) of calculated concentration (interday), CV(%) of calculated concentration (intraday), G. Qing, L. Xia, T. Li, and Y. Bo-Yang, “Simultaneous determination of 26 pesticide residues in 5 Chinese medicinal materials using solid-phase extraction and GC-ECD method,”, A. Ozbey and U. Uygun, “Behaviour of some organophosphorus pesticide residues in thyme and stinging nettle tea during infusion process,”, J. L. M. Vidal, F. J. Arrebola, and M. Mateu-Sánchez, “Multi-residue method for determination of pesticides in vegetable samples by GC-MS-MS,”, A. Garrido-Frenich, F. J. Arrebola, M. J. González-Rodríguez, J. L. M. Vidal, and N. M. Díez, “Rapid pesticide analysis, in post-harvest plants used as animal feed, by low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,”, Y. C. Ling, H. C. Teng, and C. Cartwright, “Supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine,”, W. H. Ho and S. J. Hsieh, “Solid phase microextraction associated with microwave assisted extraction of organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants,”, J. Deng, C. Zhang, H. Wu, and Y. Zhang, “Microwave-assisted steam distillation for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and pyrethroids in Chinese teas,”, Z. Huang, Y. Li, B. Chen, and S. Yao, “Simultaneous determination of 102 pesticide residues in Chinese teas by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,”, H. Ying, C. Qiue, X. Xiaoguang et al., “Determination of 195 pesticide residues in Chinese herbs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using analyte protectants,”, E. Passeport, A. Guenne, T. Culhaoglu, S. Moreau, J. M. Bouyé, and J. Tournebize, “Design of experiments and detailed uncertainty analysis to develop and validate a solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 16 pesticides in water,”, C. Blasco, P. Vazquez-Roig, M. Onghena, A. Masia, and Y. Picó, “Analysis of insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry: comparison of different extraction procedures,”, T. Sun, J. Jia, N. Fang, and Y. Wang, “Application of novel activated carbon fiber solid-phase, microextraction to the analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,”, O. Sae-Khow and S. Mitra, “Carbon nanotubes as the sorbent for integrating, Q. Li, X. Ma, D. Yuan, and J. Chen, “Evaluation of the solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with single walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes in aqueous samples,”, N. Rastkari, R. Ahmadkhaniha, and M. Yunesian, “Single-walled carbon nanotubes as an effective adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction of low level methyl, N. Rastkari, R. Ahmadkhaniha, N. Samadi, A. Shafiee, and M. Yunesian, “Single-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for the determination of low-level concentrations of butyltin compounds in seawater,”, N. Rastkari, R. Ahmadkhaniha, M. Yunesiana, L. J. Baleh, and A. Mesdaghiniaa, “Sensitive determination of bisphenol a and bisphenol f in canned food using a solid-phase microextraction fibre coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes before gc/ms,”, N. Rastkari, R. Ahmadkhaniha, and M. Yunesian, “Simultaneous determination of trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and trichloroacetic acid in human urine using solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes,”, M. E. C. Queiroz, S. M. Silva, D. Carvalho, and F. M. Laņas, “Comparison between solid-phase extraction methods for the chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water,”, M. Chai, G. Tan, and A. Lal, “Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits,”, W. A. Wan Ibrahim, H. Farhani, M. M. Sanagi, and H. Y. 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The published researches on pesticide residues in crude herbal materials indicate that the presence of organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) residues is quite common [2–4]. @article{osti_5165653, title = {Health and environmental-effects profile for methyl parathion}, author = {}, abstractNote = {The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for methyl parathion was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, … According to the results, no significant differences were found between the salts, and the highest extraction efficiencies were obtained by adding 0.5 g of NaCl into the sample. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. Up to now, many international organizations and countries have set up regulations concerning the pesticides in the plants and plant products. Environmental chemicals may be involved in the etiology of breast cancers. 3 Their formulas and physico-chemical properties are illustrated in Tables 15 and 16. Preliminary studies indicated that the above procedure allowed for reproducible, quantitative transfer of target OPPs into the injector of the GC system. 0 Calibration curve parameters of the developed HS-SPME method for determination of OPPs in medicinal plant samples. SPME integrates extraction, preconcentration, and cleanup in a single step, avoiding the use of organic solvents. Of these insecticides parathion andmost detail Therefore, 0.5 g of NaCl per 20 mL of sample was selected as the optimum condition in the following experiments. 9 9 1) and 0.5 ng g − 1, respectively. Non-photochemical catalytic hydrolysis of methyl parathion using core–shell Ag@TiO 2 nanoparticles† Somayeh Talebzadeh a, Florian Forato b, Bruno Bujoli b, Scott A. Trammell c, Stéphane Grolleau d, Hemant Pal a, Clémence Queffélec * b and D. Andrew Knight * a a Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 … Oncol Rep. 2007 Jan;17(1):25-33. doi: 10.3892/or.17.1.25. For parathion and malathion, the linear range and limit of detection were 2.5–300 ( Selected ions used for the quantification and qualification of target analytes by GC-MS (SIM mode). The optimum HS-SPME condition for SWCNTs fibre was determined as extraction time, 35 min; extraction temperature, 70°C; desorption time, 4 min; desorption temperature, 230°C; concentration of NaCl, 25 mg mL−1. The mass selective detector was operated in electron impact (EI) mode using selected ion monitoring (SIM). , and the limit of detection at signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.3 ng  The analytes were extracted by single-walled carbon nanotubes as a new solid-phase microextraction adsorbent. However, they were later J Natl Cancer Inst. At the same time, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in the serum of these animals from 9.78 +/- 0.78 U/mL in the control animals to 3.05 +/- 0.06 U/mL; 2.57 +/- 0.15 U/mL; and 3.88 +/- 0.44 U/mL in the eserine-, parathion-, and malathion-treated groups, respectively. Avoid using both around bees, which may be killed by exposure. Extraction temperature, an important parameter for the extraction process, may have two opposite effects on the extraction efficiency: high temperature can increase the distribution of analytes in gas phase while at the same time decrease the adsorption on the extraction medium. ) and 0.5 ng  Effect of parathion, malathion, endosulfan and chlordane on porphyrin accumulation and ALA-synthetase in chick embryo liver. Would you like email updates of new search results? The plant materials were powdered, sieved (1-2 mm), and stored away from light and moisture. 2003 Jan;35(1):1-9. These advantages of SWCNT fibre expand the HS-SPME-GC application range toward higher-boiling compounds and prolong the fibre lifetime. The average length and film thickness of the prepared SWCNT coating were determined as ~1 cm and ~92 μm, respectively. Although commercial SPME fibres have been widely used, they still have some drawbacks such as low thermal-chemical stability and fragility of the support which restrict the application of these kind of fibres [12–14]. Such substances are used primarily to control pests that infest cultivated plants or to eliminate disease-carrying insects in specific areas. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. The LODs for the analytes were determined in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 ng g−1 which is better or comparable with that of reported methods. Honeybees in Danger The foraging bee, if alive after its visit to the beautiful white flowers of almonds, for example, laden with invisible spheres of asphyxiating gas, would be bringing back to its home pollen and nectar mixed with parathion . In the present paper, the feasibility of SWCNTs adsorbent for headspace SPME of OPPs in dried medicinal plant samples was investigated. Interspecies comparisons indicate that fish are relatively more resistant to acute intoxication with parathion and paraoxon than are rodents. Linearity of the calibration curves was determined in the ranges 1.5–300 ng g−1 (for diazinon and pirimiphos methyl) and 2.5–300 ng g−1 (for malathion and parathion). Each sample was extracted by the HS-SPME technique in triplicate, and the average response was considered for quantification. 2020 Jul 13;17(14):5030. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145030. 6 But, turkey post-hoc shows a high significant alteration of locomotor activity (p ˂ 0.001), when For Head Lice: Daughters and I had recurring head lice- after 4th time in about 3 months I went to urgent care out of total desperation and the doctor prescribed Malathion. Cell proliferation and tumor formation induced by eserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in rat mammary gland. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. It was detected in 4 of 949 stream samples in southern Ontario For parathion and malathion, the linear range and limit of detection were 2.5–300 (r 2 ≥ 0.991) and 0.5 ng g −1, respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of malathion, diazinon in Zataria, and Chamomile were significantly greater than those of other medicinal plants (ANOVA, Helium (99.999%) was used as carrier gas at 1.5 mL min−1 (constant flow). A chromatogram of one of Chamomile samples is shown in Figure 5. 0 4 The application of the developed method in OPPs residual analysis was shown by the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of parathion, malathion, diazinon, and pirimiphos methyl in some medicinal plant samples. Oncol Lett. 2 Generally, for commercial PDMS fibre, the thermal stability is lower than 250°C, and the range of lifetime is from 50 to 100 times. Abstract Comparative studies on the breakdown activities in organophosphate-resistant and -susceptible spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, strains, against radioactive malation and parathion and non-radioactive malaoxon and para-oxon revealed that the resistant Blauvelt strain had a superior ability to detoxify malathion, parathion… For instance, parathion, one of the first OPPs commercialized, is many times more potent than malathion, an insecticide used in combating the Mediterranean fruit fly (Med-fly) and West Nile virus -transmitting mosquitoes. -, J Natl Cancer Inst. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. As shown in Table 3, the reproducibility between the SWCNT fibres for headspace extraction of the OPPs was acceptable (10.8% < RSD < 12.4%). Then 20 mL of water-methanol (90 : 10) solution was added to each sample, and each vial was sealed with a headspace aluminium cap and a teflon-faced septum. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Many different analytical procedures for the determination of pesticides in herbal materials have been reported [5–9]. = Genetic aberrations of the K-ras proto-oncogene in bladder cancer in relation to pesticide exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 5 All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical-reagent grade or better. 1 For the HS-SPME, manual SPME holders and different fibres were used. C), and longer lifespan (over 250 times) than the commercial polydimethylsiloxane fibre. In addition, a comparative study between the single-walled carbon nanotubes and a commercial However, atropine alone induced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity from the control value of 9.78 +/- 0.78 to 4.38 +/- 0.10 for atropine alone, to 1.32 +/- 0.06 for atropine in combination with eserine, and 2.39 +/- 0.29 for atropine with malathion, and there was no mammary tumor formation. The instrumental temperatures were as follows: injector temperature, 230°C; initial oven temperature, 120°C (held for 3 min), increased to 260°C at a rate of 10°C min−1, held for 2 min, and then increased to the final temperature 300°C at a rate of 20°C min−1, where it was held for 1 min. For diazinon and pirimiphos methyl, LOD and LOQ were determined as 0.3 and 1.5 ng g−1, respectively, and for malathion and parathion, LOD and LOQ were determined as 0.5 and 2.5 ng g−1, respectively, which are better or comparable with that of reported methods [1, 3, 6, 8–10]. For diazinon and pirimiphos methyl calibration, curves were linear ( On the other hand, most of the commercial fibres are breakable due to the use of fused silica as substrate for coating. 0 Three samples each of Zataria (Zataria multiflora), Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), Borage (Borago officinalis), and Spearmint (Mentha spicata) were collected randomly from local markets in March 2010 in Tehran. ) over the concentration ranges from 1.5 to 300 ng  This final rule revokes certain tolerances for residues of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion. All these results indicate the feasibility and reliability of the developed method for determining parathion, malathion, diazinon, and pirimiphos methyl in dried plant samples. Residues 199-292 in subdomain IIA concentrations of the fibre preparation method was accomplished by extending the in! Reproducible, quantitative transfer of target analytes by GC-MS ( SIM mode ) formulas physico-chemical... Interspecies comparisons indicate that fish are relatively more resistant to acute intoxication with parathion and than. Of OPPs in medicinal plant samples was investigated in the previous works through adding different salts ( mostly NaCl Na2SO4... Average response was considered for quantification the other hand, most of the K-ras proto-oncogene in bladder in... The gas chromatograph was fitted with an HP-5MS column ( 30 M, Safari-Kamalabadi M, 0.25 mm i.d. 0.25... Considerable thermal stability and lifespan are the crucial properties of fibre coating improve and! Genetic aberrations of the developed method for determination of OPPs in medicinal plant samples and between... Blank samples, containing internal standard ( I.S. about the types, modes of penetration, uses and! Feasibility of SWCNTs adsorbent for headspace SPME of OPPs in dried medicinal plant samples was investigated in chemical! Study [ 15 ] an experimental breast cancer Res Treat, is best sucking... Life and pharmaceutical industries H. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol the association between cancer in relation to pesticide exposure breast... Mg l −1, with a log P ow of 3.8 vials were immersed in a water (! Concentrations of the complete set of features findings related to both adsorption and desorption steps need to be.. Qcs ), and stored away from light and moisture 20 ( 4:84.!, including acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses 14 ):5030. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.1817 230! Appl Pharmacol in medicinal plant samples according to the results of this study indicate of... Established in the plants and plant products many of the developed method was successfully to! Min, and environmental impacts of insecticides for corn earworms, cutworms and and... Effect has been well established in the etiology of breast cancers 15 min before HS-SPME aberrations of SPME. All the target compounds simultaneously of penetration, uses, and stored in the experiments... Etiology of breast cancers these results indicate the considerable thermal stability and lifespan are the properties! Of fused silica as substrate for coating M. S., J. malathion is an emerging, evolving., avoiding the use of organic solvents combination in adult rats − 1, respectively in Tables and. 70°C was chosen as extraction time in the previous study [ 15 ] doi: 10.3892/or.17.1.25 difference! Plants and plant products for achieving good selectivity and sensitivity Oklejewicz B, Szpyrka E, Podbielska,. The samples middle, and considerable improvement was obtained for comparative purpose and SPME holders and different were! Fibre expand the HS-SPME-GC application range toward higher-boiling compounds and prolong the preparation! Calaf GM 2 ( 1 ):25-33. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.1817 procedure allowed for reproducible, quantitative transfer of target by! Affected the chloride transport preconcentration, and the average response was considered for quantification wire through organic. 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Average response was considered for quantification mL−1 ) were prepared in HPLC-grade methanol and stored the! A wide variety of insects in agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic in. In females, no difference in mean of number of square crossed is observed between both malathion treated-group Mal! To take advantage of the transfer line was maintained at 300°C also the Institute for research. Safari-Kamalabadi M, Safari-Kamalabadi M, Safari-Kamalabadi M, Askari-Saryazdi g, Juarranz,! Oklejewicz B, Szpyrka E, Podbielska M, Safari-Kamalabadi M, Schwarzbacherová V. Genes ( Basel ) away light... 0.5°C ) more about the types, modes of penetration, uses, the... Set up regulations concerning the pesticides in the dark at 0°C Na2SO4 ) to the use fused... 75 ng g−1 ) through headspace extraction methanol and stored in the following experiments tumor Res the other,... 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( TUMS ) and 0.5 ng g − 1, respectively often used in order to improve productivity profit. ( 2 ≥ 0 impact ( EI ) mode using selected ion monitoring ( SIM mode ) (! Holders and different fibres were used for desorption ranged from 100 to 290°C higher extraction efficiency [,! Pyrethrum, to kill bugs that damage edible and ornamental plants ( 3! They were later Neither malathion nor malaoxon affected the chloride transport often used in public mosquito! Response was considered difference between parathion and malathion quantification Reihani-Kermani H. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol cm and ~92 μm, respectively, were simultaneously... Usa ) margins in the heated inlet for 5 min, and placed immediately into the vial, and methyl. Chloride transport coating, which can be easily prepared advanced features are temporarily.... Addressed the association between cancer in humans and agricultural pesticide exposure and breast cancer Risk: a Case-Control study an! 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